Grade-finder



E. KARADAGHLL GRADE FINDER.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 19. 1919 1 ,307, 1 30. Patented June 17:, 1919.

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EHSAN KARADAGHLI, 0F CHATHAM, NEW JERSEY.

GRADE-FINDER.

Application filed February 19, 1919. Serial No. 278,038.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EHsAN KARADAGHLI, a subject of the Shah of Persia, residing at Chatham, in the county of Morris and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new, and useful Improvements in Grade-Finders, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings, which form a part thereof.

:My invention relates to grade finders, and more particularly to an instrument for determining the difference in elevation of two points, the air-line distance between which is known, the elevation being determined by a simple multiplication of the rise per foot determined by the instrument of my invention, and the lmown lineal air-line distance in feet between the two points from which observations are made.

An instrument made in accordance with my invention is particularly adapted for use in what may be termed short range work as in digging wells, building construction, ditching, etc, the purpose of the invention being to provide an instrument by means of which approximately accurate rapid determination of desired angles, grades or depths, may be determined by simple arithmetic, thus adapting the instrument to the use of unskilled labor.

The instrument is so constructed that portions thereof may be stored within other portions when the device is not in use, thus avoiding bending or breakage of these parts of the instrument, facilitating the storage thereof in a tool-box, and permitting the instrument to he used as an ordinary square.

The instrument is so constructed that the parts thereof may be moved freely with relation to each other in properly positioning the parts when determining their angular.

relation, to define any grade. or inclination,

- means being provided wherebv the parts may be set in an adjusted position, so that if desired the computations may be subsein accordance with an initial determining measurement.

The invention consists in the novel features of construction and combination of parts hereinafter set forth and described,

and more particularly pointed out in the ,claimshereto appended,A

, sufficientlength to extend Referring to the drawings,

Figure 1 is a perspective view of an instrument embodying my invention, with a portion of the body for the spirit level, broken. away to disclose the construction thereof;

'Fig. 2 is a detailed view of the actuating means for the graduated rack member;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the said mechanlsm shown in Fig. 2; and

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the method of using the instrument.

Like letters refer to like parts throughout the several views.

In the embodiment of my invention shown 1n the drawings, I employ a metallic level body a having in the upper face thereof an body. said guides havingslidably mounted therein a slide memberd having on one side :thereof graduations indicating a unit of a measurement and fI'LCtlOIlS thereof, and

and upon the other side thereof a rack d by means ofwhich movement may be imparted to said slide int-ember through the medium of a pinion d mounted in an angular plate a secured to the adjacent end of the body a.

The distance between the lower end of the fork a and the inner face of the slide carried bythe bracket 0 is, in the form of the invention shown, six inches, and since this distance forms the basis of all calculations, it is essential that the unit of measurement indicated by graduations upon the .slide member d be one-half inch, the subdivisions thereof being one-half the corresponding divisions of an inch.

Slidably mounted in-the body a is a slotted segment 6 having pivoted at the lower end thereof, a bar f thelower edge of whichis perfectly straight, said bar being connected by means of the pin and slot connection f with the arm 6 and being of beyond the plane The segment 6 is so mounted in relation to the body a that it may be locked in any adjusted position by means of the knurled screw 6 carried by said body.

The length of the bar f 15 immaterial since all calculations are based upon the length of the body a, or rather thedistance between the lower end of the fork a and the inner face of theguide carried by the strument to be used as an ordinary square.

The operation of the herein described instrument is substantially as follows When it is desired to use the instrument over a particular course, it is first necessary to determine the horizontal air-line distance between the two points of observation, stakes of the same length being driven in the ground at the highest elevation and the point from which the observation is being taken. These stakes are shown in the drawings at'g and h. A flat board or rod h is secured to the stake h and adjusted to an angle so that by sightingthe top surface of this board it at the top of the stake g, the air-line angle or grade between the two points 9 and h is fixed. The board h is then firmly secured in this position.

The set screws 6 and c are then loosened and the slide member raised in its guides carried by the brackets c and 0;, and the lower edge of the bar f is laid upon the board 72/. j v a The level body a is then adjusted until it is brought to a horizontal position as inclicated by the spirit level a, the body a turning freely about the pivot Z), and the set screw 0' moving in the slot in the segment 6. When the parts are so adjusted, the

loweredge of the-fork a will rest upon said board h and the arm f will, throughout its entire length, bear upon said board. Thereupon the set screws Z) and e are adjusted to lock the pivotal arm I) and the segment e in this position. The pin and slot connection 7 is used for the purpose of compensating for the are described by the opposite end of the bar f.'

The parts having, been so set, the slide inember cl, by means of the rack and pinion mechanism cl d is lowereduntil the lower edge, thereof toward the guideupon the bracket 0, is in the plane of the lower face i of the bar f. I

The rise per foot inay'then be determined by *a reading of the graduation on the slide membendat the bottom 10f the level body a.; This bodybeingsix'inches longand the unit of the graduations being one-half inch,

the reading will be in inches or fractions of inches per foot of the actual horizontal lineal distance between the stakes g and it. By multiplying the indicated rise per foot by the known lineal distance between the stakes g and 72, horizontal to the earths surface, the height of any given elevation may be quickly determined by simple methods. By using a supporting arm Z) having a bar pivota'lly and sli'dably mounted thereon, one end of which bar is connected to a segment as described, the lower face of this barmay be accurately alined with the point of lower edge of the forked end 0 this alinement being independent of any accuracy of'the positioning of the pivotal support for said arm, thus permitting the maximum range of movement without deviation due to mechanical imperfections in the structure ofthe instrument. L

The foregoing description isapplicable to the use of the instrument when' securing measurement of ground grades, but the instrument may be used with equal facility in construction work in the manner that I willnow describe.

beam is positioned the lower faeeof the bar 7 may be p'lacedupon the upper face of the beam and'the beam adjusted untilthe spirit level a shows that the body a is horizontal. The beam may then be secured in this position, repetitionof this practice permitting all of the roof beams to be accurately positioned.

By folding the arm band' ba'rf withinthe body a, the right angular relation of this body and of' the slide H1111l36I(Z will permit the instrumentto be used as an ordinary square.

It is desired to call attention to the fact that the use of the instrument is based upon the known horizontal air-linedistance between two points of observation and the known length of the body 'a, variations in the length of the portion of the bar 7 between the slide member CZ not entering into any of the calculations for determining elevation or pitch.

It is not my intention to limit the invention to the precise details of construction shown in the accompanying drawings, it being apparent that such may be varied without departing from the spirit'and scope of the invention.

Having described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to have protected by Letters Patent, is

:1. A grade finder embodying therein a level body, a spirit level carried thereby, a slide member having 'graduationsthereon adjustably mounted in and-extending at right angles to the top surface of said level body, one edge of said slide member being a predetermined distance from one end of said body, a supporting arm pivotally connected adjacent said end of said body, a segment slidably mounted in said body adjacent the point of pivotal support of said arm, and a bar one end of which is pivotally connected with said segment, and the other end of which is connected by a slot and a pin connection with said arm, said bar being of a length to extend across the plane of movement of said slide member.

2. A grade finder embodying therein a level body, a spirit level carried thereby, a slide member having graduations thereon adjustably mounted in and extending at right angles to the top surface of said level body,

one edge of said slide member being a predetermined distance from one end of said body, a supporting arm pivotally connected adjacent said end of said body, a segment slidably mounted in said body adjacent the point of pivotal support of said arm, a bar one end of which is pivotally connected with said segment, and the other end of which is connected by a slot and pin connection with said arm, said bar being of a length to extend across the plane of movement of said slide member, and means whereby said supporting arm and said segment may be locked in any adjusted position.

3. A grade finder embodying therein a level body, a spirit level carried thereby, oppositely disposed brackets carrying guides mounted adjacent one end of, and extending at right angles to the top surface of said level body, a slide member having graduations on the surface thereof and carrying a rack, a pinion mounted on said body in operative engagement with said rack, said slide member being a predetermined distance from the other end of said body, a supporting arm pivotally connected adjacent said last named end of said body, a segment slidably mounted in said body adjacent the point of pivotal support of said arm, and a bar one end of which is pivotally connected with said segment, and the other end of which is connected by a slot and pin connection with said arm, said bar being of a length to extend across the plane of movement of said slide member.

4. A grade finder embodying therein a hollow level body having a reduced, forked end, a spirit level carried thereby, a slide member having graduations thereon adjustably mounted in said body adjacent the end thereof opposite said forked end and extending at substantially right angles to the top of said level body, said slide member be ing a predetermined distance from the end of said forked end, a supporting arm one end of which is pivotally mounted between the forks of said forked end, a segment slidably mounted in said body adjacent the point of pivotal support of said arm, and a bar one end of which is pivotally connected with said segment, and the other end of which is connected by a slot and pin connection with said arm, said bar being of a length to extend across the plane of movement of said slide member, and said supporting arm and said bar being of a width to fold within the hollow of said body.

In witness whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature this 10th day of February 1919, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

E-HSAN KARADAGHLI.

Witnesses:

SIDKY BEY, F. T. WENTWORTH,

Copies of this. patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G. 

